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history
For other uses, see Fashion (disambiguation).
Model in a designer gown reflecting the contemporary fashion trend at an Haute couture fashion show, Paris, 2011
Fashion is a form of self-expression and autonomy at a particular period and place and in a specific context, of clothing, footwear, lifestyle, accessories, makeup, hairstyle, and body posture.[1] The term implies a look defined by the fashion industry as that which is trending. Everything that is considered fashion is available and popularized by the fashion system (industry and media).
Due to increased mass-production of commodities and clothing at lower prices and global reach, sustainability has become an urgent issue among politicians, brands, and consumers.[2][3]
Contents
1 Definitions of fashion
2 Functions
2.1 Characteristics
3 Clothing fashions
3.1 Fashion in Europe and the Western hemisphere
4 Fashion industry
5 Fashion trend
5.1 Social influences
5.2 Economic influences
5.2.1 Circular economy
5.2.2 China's domestic spending
5.3 Marketing
5.3.1 Market research
5.3.2 Symbolic consumption
5.4 Political influences
5.5 Technology influences
6 Media
6.1 Fashion in printed media
6.2 Fashion in television
6.3 Controversial advertisements in fashion industry
6.3.1 Racism in fashion advertisements
6.3.2 Sexism in fashion advertisements
7 Public relations and social media
8 Fashion and political activism
9 Anthropological perspective
9.1 Anthropology of dress in Indonesia
10 Intellectual property
11 See also
12 References
13 Bibliography
14 Further reading
15 External links
Definitions of fashion
Reconstructed Roman women's fashion from Florence, Taipei 2013
Fashion scholar, Susan B. Kaiser, states that everyone is forced to appear, unmediated before others.[4] Everyone is evaluated by their attire: how one looks, what colors, materials, and silhouette one wears. Even when the garments are the same in style and material, they will appear different; if they were washed, folded, mended, or new.
The term fashion is plagued by its different uses, and by the unclear application of the concept. For example, the term connotes difference, but also sameness. It signifies the latest distinction and trend, as well as the return of the old. While it may be defined by an insular and esteemed aesthetic elite, who make a look exclusive, this look is often using references from those excluded from making the distinction.
Whereas a trend often connotes a peculiar aesthetic expression, often lasting shorter than a season, fashion is a distinctive and industry-supported expression traditionally tied to the fashion season and collections.[5] Style is an expression that lasts over many seasons and is often connected to cultural movements and social markers, symbols, class, and culture (ex. Baroque, Rococo, etc.). According to sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, fashion connotes "the latest difference."[6]
Even though the terms are often used together, fashion differs from clothing and costumes — "clothing" describes the material and technical garment; "costume" has come to mean fancy-dress or masquerade wear. "Fashion," by contrast, describes the social and temporal system that "activates" dress as a social signifier in a certain time and context. Philosopher Giorgio Agamben connects fashion to the current intensity of the qualitative moment and to the temporal aspect the Greek call Kairos, whereas clothing belongs to the quantitative, what the Greek call Chronos.[7]
While some exclusive brands may claim the label haute couture, the term is technically limited to members of the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture[8] in Paris.[5] Haute couture is more aspirational; inspired by art and culture, and in most cases, reserved for the economic elite.
Fashion is also a source of art, allowing people to display their unique tastes and styling.[9] Different designers are influenced by outside stimuli and reflect this inspiration in their works. For example, Gucci's 'stained green' jeans[10] may look like a grass stain, but to others, they display purity, freshness, and summer.[1]
Fashion is unique, self-fulfilling and may be a part of someone's identity. Just like art, fashion does not have to be liked by everyone, it is an expression of one's tastes. Whilst art is usually locked into a drawing, sculpture, picture etc, clothes are a moving form of art; a unique characteristic.[9]
Functions
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The functions of fashion include the ability to construct, predict, distribute and implement certain values and samples of behaviour, to form the entity's tastes and manage them. Fashion complements the traditional forms of culture through their turning by modernity, and constructs on this basis, a new human environment.
Fashion, or one’s own personal style, functions as a “societal formation always combining two opposite principles. It is a socially acceptable and secure way to distinguish oneself from others and, at the same time, it satisfies the individual’s need for social adaptation and imitation”.[11] While philosopher Immanuel Kant believed fashion “has nothing to do with genuine judgements of taste… but is a case of unreflected and ‘blind’ imitation”,[11] sociologist Georg Simmel thought of fashion as something that “helped to overcome the distance between an individual and his society”.[11]
Characteristics
Normally fashion is associated with:
relativism (in context of a rapid change of fashion forms);the idea that views of beauty are based on individual preference and there is no right or wrong way to define beauty.
cyclicity (periodic referring to traditions);
irrationality (drawn to human emotions and is not always consistent with logic or even common sense);
versatility (the scope of modern fashion is practically not limited; the fashion faces all right away).
imagination (forming new ideas and bringing them to life)
Clothing fashions
Main article: History of Western fashion
Reconstructed Roman women's fashions from Florence. Taipei 2013
Fashion is a form of expression. Fashion is what people wear in a specific context. If a stranger would appear in this setting, adorning something different, the stranger would be considered "out of fashion."
Early Western travelers, traveling to India, Persia, Turkey, or China, would frequently remark on the absence of change in fashion in those countries. The Japanese shōgun's secretary bragged (not completely accurately) to a Spanish visitor in 1609 that Japanese clothing had not changed in over a thousand years.[12] However, there is considerable evidence in Ming China of rapidly changing fashions in Chinese clothing.[13] Costume changes often took place at times of economic or social change, as occurred in ancient Rome and the medieval Caliphate, followed by a long period without significant changes. In 8th-century Moorish Spain, the musician Ziryab introduced to Córdoba[14][unreliable source][15] sophisticated clothing styles based on seasonal and daily fashions from his native Baghdad, modified by his inspiration. Similar changes in fashion occurred in the 11th century in the Middle East following the arrival of the Turks, who introduced clothing styles from Central Asia and the Far East.[16]
Additionally, there is a long history of fashion in West Africa.[17] The Cloth was used as a form of currency in trade with the Portuguese and Dutch as early as the 16th Century.[17] Locally produced cloth and cheaper European imports were assembled into new styles to accommodate the growing elite class of West Africans and resident gold and slave traders.[17] There was an exceptionally strong tradition of cloth-weaving in Oyo and the areas inhabited by the Igbo people.[17]
Fashion in Europe and the Western hemisphere
According to scholars, a specific definition of fashion emerges with the rise of capitalism and more liberal societies in Europe during late medieval times. The beginning in Europe of continual and increasingly rapid change in clothing styles can be fairly reliably dated. Historians, including James Laver and Fernand Braudel, date the start of Western fashion in clothing to the middle of the 14th century,[18][19] though they tend to rely heavily on contemporary imagery[20] and illuminated manuscripts were not common before the fourteenth century.[21] The most dramatic early change in fashion was a sudden drastic shortening and tightening of the male over-garment from calf-length to barely covering the buttocks,[22] sometimes accompanied with stuffing in the chest to make it look bigger. This created the distinctive Western outline of a tailored top worn over leggings or trousers.
The pace of change accelerated considerably in the following century, and women's and men's fashion, especially in the dressing and adorning of the hair, became equally complex. Art historians are, therefore, able to use fashion with confidence and precision to date images, often to within five years, particularly in the case of images from the 15th century. Initially, changes in fashion led to a fragmentation across the upper classes of Europe of what had previously been a very similar style of dressing and the subsequent development of distinctive national styles. These national styles remained very different until a counter-movement in the 17th to 18th centuries imposed similar styles once again, mostly originating from Ancien Régime France.[23] Though the rich usually led fashion, the increasing affluence of early modern Europe led to the bourgeoisie and even peasants following trends at a distance, but still uncomfortably close for the elites – a factor that Fernand Braudel regards as one of the main motors of changing fashion.[24]
Albrecht Dürer's drawing contrasts a well turned out bourgeoise from Nuremberg (left) with her counterpart from Venice. The Venetian lady's high chopines make her look taller.
Marie Antoinette, wife of Louis XVI, was a leader of fashion. Her choices, such as this 1783 white muslin dress called a chemise a la Reine, were highly influential and widely worn.[25]
In the 16th century, national differences were at their most pronounced. Ten 16th century portraits of German or Italian gentlemen may show ten entirely different hats. Albrecht Dürer illustrated the differences in his actual (or composite) contrast of Nuremberg and Venetian fashions at the close of the 15th century (illustration, right). The "Spanish style" of the late 16th century began the move back to synchronicity among upper-class Europeans, and after a struggle in the mid-17th century, French styles decisively took over leadership, a process completed in the 18th century.[26]
Though different textile colors and patterns changed from year to year,[27] the cut of a gentleman's coat and the length of his waistcoat, or the pattern to which a lady's dress was cut, changed more slowly. Men's fashions were primarily derived from military models, and changes in a European male silhouette were galvanized in theaters of European war where gentleman officers had opportunities to make notes of different styles such as the "Steinkirk" cravat or necktie.
Though there had been distribution of dressed dolls from France since the 16th century and Abraham Bosse had produced engravings of fashion in the 1620s, the pace of change picked up in the 1780s with increased publication of French engravings illustrating the latest Paris styles. By 1800, all Western Europeans were dressing alike (or thought they were); local variation became first a sign of provincial culture and later a badge of the conservative peasant.[28]
Although tailors and dressmakers were no doubt responsible for many innovations, and the textile industry indeed led many trends, the history of fashion design is generally understood to date from 1858 when the English-born Charles Frederick Worth opened the first authentic haute couture house in Paris. The Haute house was the name established by the government for the fashion houses that met the standards of the industry. These fashion houses have to adhere to standards such as keeping at least twenty employees engaged in making the clothes, showing two collections per year at fashion shows, and presenting a certain number of patterns to costumers.[29] Since then, the idea of the fashion designer as a celebrity in his or her own right has become increasingly dominant.[30]
Although fashion can be feminine or masculine, additional trends are androgynous.[31] The idea of unisex dressing originated in the 1960s when designers such as Pierre Cardin and Rudi Gernreich created garments, such as stretch jersey tunics or leggings, meant to be worn by both males and females. The impact of unisex wearability expanded more broadly to encompass various themes in fashion, including androgyny, mass-market retail, and conceptual clothing.[32] The fashion trends of the 1970s, such as sheepskin jackets, flight jackets, duffel coats, and unstructured clothing, influenced men to attend social gatherings without a dinner jacket and to accessorize in new ways. Some men's styles blended the sensuality and expressiveness, and the growing gay-rights movement and an emphasis on youth allowed for a new freedom to experiment with style and with fabrics such as wool crepe, which had previously been associated with women's attire.[33]
Cover of Marcus Clarks' spring & summer catalogue 1926–27
The four major current fashion capitals are acknowledged to be Paris, Milan, New York City, and London, which are all headquarters to the most significant fashion companies and are renowned for their major influence on global fashion. Fashion weeks are held in these cities, where designers exhibit their new clothing collections to audiences. A succession of major designers such as Coco Chanel and Yves Saint-Laurent have kept Paris as the center most watched by the rest of the world, although haute couture is now subsidized by the sale of ready-to-wear collections and perfume using the same branding.
Modern Westerners have a vast number of choices in the selection of their clothes. What a person chooses to wear can reflect his or her personality or interests. When people who have high cultural status start to wear new or different styles, they may inspire a new fashion trend. People who like or respect these people are influenced by their style and begin wearing similarly styled clothes.
Fashions may vary considerably within a society according to age, social class, generation, occupation, and geography, and may also vary over time. The terms fashionista and fashion victim refer to someone who slavishly follows current fashions.
In the early 2000s, Asian fashion has become increasingly significant in local and global markets. Countries such as China, Japan, India, and Pakistan have traditionally had large textile industries, which have often been drawn upon by Western designers, but now Asian clothing styles are also gaining influence based on their ideas.[34]
Fashion industry
See also: Clothing industry, Fashion design, and Fashion show
Male and female fashion models on the runway, Los Angeles Fashion Week, 2008
In its most common use, the term fashion refers to the current expressions on sale through the fashion industry. The global fashion industry is a product of the modern age.[35] In the Western world, tailoring has since medieval times been controlled by guilds, but with the emergence of industrialism, the power of the guilds was undermined. Before the mid-19th century, most clothing was custom-made. It was handmade for individuals, either as home production or on order from dressmakers and tailors. By the beginning of the 20th century, with the rise of new technologies such as the sewing machine, the rise of global trade, the development of the factory system of production, and the proliferation of retail outlets such as department stores, clothing became increasingly mass-produced in standard sizes and sold at fixed prices.
Although the fashion industry developed first in Europe and America, as of 2017, it is an international and highly globalized industry, with clothing often designed in one country, manufactured in another, and sold worldwide. For example, an American fashion company might source fabric in China and have the clothes manufactured in Vietnam, finished in Italy, and shipped to a warehouse in the United States for distribution to retail outlets internationally.
The fashion industry was for a long time one of the largest employers in the United States,[35] and it remains so in the 21st century. However, U.S. employment in fashion began to decline considerably as production increasingly moved overseas, especially to China. Because data on the fashion industry typically are reported for national economies and expressed in terms of the industry's many separate sectors, aggregate figures for the world production of textiles and clothing are difficult to obtain. However, by any measure, the clothing industry accounts for a significant share of world economic output.[36] The fashion industry consists of four levels:
The production of raw materials, principally Fiber, and textiles but also leather and fur.
The production of fashion goods by designers, manufacturers, contractors, and others.
Retail sales.
Various forms of advertising and promotion.
The levels of focus in the fashion industry consist of many separate but interdependent sectors. These sectors include Textile Design and Production, Fashion Design and Manufacturing, Fashion Retailing, Marketing and Merchandising, Fashion Shows, and Media and Marketing. Each sector is devoted to the goal of satisfying consumer demand for apparel under conditions that enable participants in the industry to operate at a profit.[35]
Fashion trend
Main articles: Fashion trend and 2010s in fashion
A fashion trend signifies a specific look or expression that is spread across a population at a specific time and place. A trend is considered a more ephemeral look, not defined by the seasons when collections are released by the fashion industry. A trend can thus emerge from street style, across cultures, from influencers and celebrities.
Fashion trends are influenced by several factors, including cinema, celebrities, climate, creative explorations, innovations, designs, political, economic, social, and technological. Examining these factors is called a PEST analysis. Fashion forecasters can use this information to help determine the growth or decline of a particular trend.
Social influences
Celebrities such as Britney Spears have popularised the concept of wearing underwear as outerwear.
Red carpet fashion: Italian actors Gabriel Garko and Laura Torrisi wearing designer formal wear at Venice Film Festival, 2009
Fashion is inherently a social phenomenon. A person cannot have a fashion by oneself, but for something to be defined as fashion, there needs to be dissemination and followers. This dissemination can take several forms; from the top-down ("trickle-down") to bottom-up ("bubble up"), or transversally across cultures and through viral memes and media.
Fashion relates to the social and cultural context of an environment. According to Matika,[37] "Elements of popular culture become fused when a person's trend is associated with a preference for a genre of music…like music, news or literature, fashion has been fused into everyday lives." Fashion is not only seen as purely aesthetic; fashion is also a medium for people to create an overall effect and express their opinions and overall art.
This mirrors what performers frequently accomplish through music videos. In the music video ‘Formation’ by Beyoncé, according to Carlos,[38] "The pop star pays homage to her Creole roots.... tracing the roots of the Louisiana cultural nerve center from the post-abolition era to present day, Beyoncé catalogs the evolution of the city's vibrant style and its tumultuous history all at once. Atop a New Orleans police car in a red-and-white Gucci high-collar dress and combat boots, she sits among the ruins of Hurricane Katrina, immediately implanting herself in the biggest national debate on police brutality and race relations in modern day."
The annual or seasonal runway show is a reflection of fashion trends and a designer's inspirations. For designers like Vivienne Westwood, runway shows are a platform for her voice on politics and current events. For her AW15 menswear show, according to Water,[39] "where models with severely bruised faces channeled eco-warriors on a mission to save the planet." Another recent example is a staged feminist protest march for Chanel's SS15 show, rioting models chanting words of empowerment with signs like "Feminist but feminine" and "Ladies first." According to Water,[39] "The show tapped into Chanel's long history of championing female independence: founder Coco Chanel was a trailblazer for liberating the female body in the post-WWI era, introducing silhouettes that countered the restrictive corsets then in favour."
The annual Academy Awards ceremony is also a venue where fashion designers and their creations are celebrated.
Social media is also a place where fashion is presented most often. Some influencers are paid huge amounts of money to promote a product or clothing item, where the business hopes many viewers will buy the product off the back of the advertisement. Instagram is the most popular platform for advertising, but Facebook, snapchat, Twitter and other platforms are also used.[40]
Economic influences
Circular economy
With increasing environmental awareness, the economic imperative to "Spend now, think later" is getting increasingly scrutinized.[41] Today's consumer tends to be more mindful about consumption, looking for just enough and better, more durable options. People have also become more conscious of the impact their everyday consumption has on the environment and society, and these initiatives are often described as a move towards sustainable fashion, yet critics argue a circular economy based on growth is an oxymoron, or an increasing spiral of consumption, rather than a utopian cradle-to-cradle circular solution.
In today's linear economical system, manufacturers extract resources from the earth to make products that will soon be discarded in landfills, on the other hand, under the circular model, the production of goods operates like systems in nature, where the waste and demise of a substance becomes the food and source of growth for something new. Companies such as MUD Jeans, which is based in the Netherlands employ a leasing scheme for jeans. This Dutch company "represents a new consuming philosophy that is about using instead of owning," according to MUD's website. The concept also protects the company from volatile cotton prices. Consumers pay €7.50 a month for a pair of jeans; after a year, they can return the jeans to Mud, trade them for a new pair and start another year-long lease, or keep them. MUD is responsible for any repairs during the lease period.[41] Another ethical fashion company, Patagonia set up the first multi-seller branded store on eBay to facilitate secondhand sales; consumers who take the Common Threads pledge can sell in this store and have their gear listed on Patagonia.com's "Used Gear" section.[41]
China's domestic spending
Consumption as a share of gross domestic product in China has fallen for six decades, from 76 percent in 1952 to 28 percent in 2011. China plans to reduce tariffs on a number of consumer goods and expand its 72-hour transit visa plan to more cities in an effort to stimulate domestic consumption.[42]
The announcement of import tax reductions follows changes in June 2015, when the government cut the tariffs on clothing, cosmetics and various other goods by half. Among the changes – easier tax refunds for overseas shoppers and accelerated openings of more duty-free shops in cities covered by the 72-hour visa scheme. The 72-hour visa was introduced in Beijing and Shanghai in January 2013 and has been extended to 18 Chinese cities.[42]
According to reports at the same time, Chinese consumer spending in other countries such as Japan has slowed even though the yen has dropped.[43] There is clearly a trend in the next 5 years that the domestic fashion market will show an increase.
China is an interesting market for fashion retail as Chinese consumers' motivation to shop for fashion items are unique from Western Audiences.[44] Demographics have limited association with shopping motivation, with occupation, income and education level having no impact; unlike in Western Countries. Chinese high-street shoppers prefer adventure and social shopping, while online shoppers are motivated by idea shopping. Another difference is how gratification and idea shopping influence spending over ¥1k per month on fashion items, and regular spending influenced by value shopping.
Marketing
Market research
Consumers of different groups have varying needs and demands. Factors taken into consideration when thinking of consumers' needs include key demographics.[45] To understand consumers' needs and predict fashion trends, fashion companies have to do market research[46] There are two research methods: primary and secondary.[47] Secondary methods are taking other information that has already been collected, for example using a book or an article for research. Primary research is collecting data through surveys, interviews, observation, and/or focus groups. Primary research often focuses on large sample sizes to determine customer's motivations to shop.[44]
The benefits of primary research are specific information about a fashion brand's consumer is explored. Surveys are helpful tools; questions can be open-ended or closed-ended. Negative factor surveys and interviews present is that the answers can be biased, due to wording in the survey or on face-to-face interactions. Focus groups, about 8 to 12 people, can be beneficial because several points can be addressed in depth. However, there are drawbacks to this tactic, too. With such a small sample size, it is hard to know if the greater public would react the same way as the focus group.[47] Observation can really help a company gain insight on what a consumer truly wants. There is less of a bias because consumers are just performing their daily tasks, not necessarily realizing they are being observed. For example, observing the public by taking street style photos of people, the consumer did not get dressed in the morning knowing that would have their photo taken necessarily. They just wear what they would normally wear. Through observation patterns can be seen, helping trend forecasters know what their target market needs and wants.
Knowing the needs of consumers will increase fashion companies' sales and profits. Through research and studying the consumers' lives the needs of the customer can be obtained and help fashion brands know what trends the consumers are ready for.
Symbolic consumption
Consumption is driven not only by need, the symbolic meaning for consumers is also a factor. Consumers engaging in symbolic consumption may develop a sense of self over an extended period of time as various objects are collected as part of the process of establishing their identity and, when the symbolic meaning is shared in a social group, to communicate their identity to others. For teenagers, consumption plays a role in distinguishing the child self from the adult. Researchers have found that the fashion choices of teenagers are used for self-expression and also to recognize other teens who wear similar clothes. The symbolic association of clothing items can link individuals' personality and interests, with music as a prominent factor influencing fashion decisions.[48]
Political influences
Ivanka Trump (right) along with Japanese PM Shinzō Abe wearing Western-style business suits, 2017
Political figures have played a central role in the development of fashion, at least since the time of French king Louis XIV. For example, First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy was a fashion icon of the early 1960s. Wearing Chanel suits, structural Givenchy shift dresses, and soft color Cassini coats with large buttons, she inspired trends of both elegant formal dressing and classic feminine style.[49]
Cultural upheavals have also had an impact on fashion trends. For example, during the 1960s, the U.S. economy was robust, the divorce rate was increasing, and the government approved the birth control pill. These factors inspired the younger generation to rebel against entrenched social norms. The civil rights movement, a struggle for social justice and equal opportunity for Blacks, and the women's liberation movement, seeking equal rights and opportunities and greater personal freedom for women, were in full bloom. In 1964, the leg-baring mini-skirt was introduced and became a white-hot trend. Fashion designers then began to experiment with the shapes of garments: loose sleeveless dresses, micro-minis, flared skirts, and trumpet sleeves. Fluorescent colors, print patterns, bell-bottom jeans, fringed vests, and skirts became de rigueur outfits of the 1960s.[50]
Concern and protest over U.S involvement in the failing Vietnam War also influenced fashion . Camouflage patterns in military clothing, developed to help military personnel be less visible to enemy forces, seeped into streetwear designs in the 1960s. Camouflage trends have disappeared and resurfaced several times since then, appearing in high fashion iterations in the 1990s.[51] Designers such as Valentino, Dior, and Dolce & Gabbana combined camouflage into their runway and ready-to-wear collections. Today, variations of camouflage, including pastel shades, in every article of clothing or accessory, continue to enjoy popularity.
Technology influences
Today, technology plays a sizable role in society, and technological influences are correspondingly increasing within the realm of fashion. Wearable technology has become incorporated; for example, clothing constructed with solar panels that charge devices and smart fabrics that enhance wearer comfort by changing color or texture based on environmental changes.[52] 3D printing technology has influenced designers such as Iris van Herpen and Kimberly Ovitz. As the technology evolves, 3D printers will become more accessible to designers and eventually, consumers — these could potentially reshape design and production in the fashion industry entirely.
Internet technology, enabling the far reaches of online retailers and social media platforms, has created previously unimaginable ways for trends to be identified, marketed, and sold immediately.[53] Trend-setting styles are easily displayed and communicated online to attract customers. Posts on Instagram or Facebook can quickly increase awareness about new trends in fashion, which subsequently may create high demand for specific items or brands,[54] new "buy now button" technology can link these styles with direct sales.
Machine vision technology has been developed to track how fashions spread through society. The industry can now see the direct correlation on how fashion shows influence street-chic outfits. Effects such as these can now be quantified and provide valuable feedback to fashion houses, designers, and consumers regarding trends.[55]
Media
Latin dancers in their costumes. The woman is wearing backless dress with deep slits on its lower portion, while the man is wearing a shirt with top buttons open.
The media plays a significant role when it comes to fashion. For instance, an important part of fashion is fashion journalism. Editorial critique, guidelines, and commentary can be found on television and in magazines, newspapers, fashion websites, social networks, and fashion blogs. In recent years, fashion blogging and YouTube videos have become a major outlet for spreading trends and fashion tips, creating an online culture of sharing one's style on a website or social media accounts (like instagram, tiktok, or twitter). Through these media outlets, readers and viewers all over the world can learn about fashion, making it very accessible.[56] In addition to fashion journalism, another media platform that is important in fashion industry is advertisement. Advertisements provide information to audiences and promote the sales of products and services. The fashion industry utilizes advertisements to attract consumers and promote its products to generate sales. A few decades ago when technology was still underdeveloped, advertisements heavily relied on radio, magazines, billboards, and newspapers.[57] These days, there are more various ways in advertisements such as television ads, online-based ads using internet websites, and posts, videos, and live streaming in social media platforms.
Fashion in printed media
There are two subsets of print styling: editorial and lifestyle. Editorial styling is the high - fashion styling seen in fashion magazines, and this tends to be more artistic and fashion-forward. Lifestyle styling focuses on a more overtly commercial goal, like a department store advertisement, a website, or an advertisement where fashion is not what's being sold but the models hired to promote the product in the photo.[58]
The dressing practices of the powerful has traditionally been mediated through art and the practices of the courts. The looks of the French court were disseminated through prints, from the 16th century, but became prevalent with the promotion of the centralized court around king Louis XIV, and the style that became known under his name.[59] At the beginning of the 20th century, fashion magazines began to include photographs of various fashion designs and became even more influential than in the past.[60] In cities throughout the world these magazines were greatly sought after and had a profound effect on public taste in clothing. Talented illustrators drew exquisite fashion plates for the publications which covered the most recent developments in fashion and beauty. Perhaps the most famous of these magazines was La Gazette du Bon Ton, which was founded in 1912 by Lucien Vogel and regularly published until 1925 (with the exception of the war years).[61]
A see-through top worn along with pasties by a model at a fashion show in USA, 2017. Such fashion trends get popularised through media.
Vogue, founded in the United States in 1892, has been the longest-lasting and most successful of the hundreds of fashion magazines that have come and gone. Increasing affluence after World War II and, most importantly, the advent of cheap color printing in the 1960s, led to a huge boost in its sales and heavy coverage of fashion in mainstream women's magazines, followed by men's magazines in the 1990s. One such example of Vogue's popularity is the younger version, Teen Vogue, which covers clothing and trends that are targeted more toward the "fashionista on a budget". Haute couture designers followed the trend by starting ready-to-wear and perfume lines which are heavily advertised in the magazines and now dwarf their original couture businesses. A recent development within fashion print media is the rise of text-based and critical magazines which aim to prove that fashion is not superficial, by creating a dialogue between fashion academia and the industry. Examples of this development are: Fashion Theory (1997), Fashion Practice: The Journal of Design, Creative Process & the Fashion Industry (2008), and Vestoj (2009).
Fashion in television
Television coverage began in the 1950s with small fashion features. In the 1960s and 1970s, fashion segments on various entertainment shows became more frequent, and by the 1980s, dedicated fashion shows such as Fashion Television started to appear. FashionTV was the pioneer in this undertaking and has since grown to become the leader in both Fashion Television and new media channels. The Fashion Industry is beginning to promote their styles through Bloggers on social media's. Vogue specified Chiara Ferragni as "blogger of the moment" due to the rises of followers through her Fashion Blog, that became popular.[62]
A few days after the 2010 Fall Fashion Week in New York City came to a close, The New Islander's Fashion Editor, Genevieve Tax, criticized the fashion industry for running on a seasonal schedule of its own, largely at the expense of real-world consumers. "Because designers release their fall collections in the spring and their spring collections in the fall, fashion magazines such as Vogue always and only look forward to the upcoming season, promoting parkas come September while issuing reviews on shorts in January", she writes. "Savvy shoppers, consequently, have been conditioned to be extremely, perhaps impractically, farsighted with their buying."[63]
The fashion industry has been the subject of numerous films and television shows, including the reality show Project Runway and the drama series Ugly Betty. Specific fashion brands have been featured in film, not only as product placement opportunities, but as bespoke items that have subsequently led to trends in fashion.[64]
Videos in general have been very useful in promoting the fashion industry. This is evident not only from television shows directly spotlighting the fashion industry, but also movies, events and music videos which showcase fashion statements as well as promote specific brands through product placements.
Controversial advertisements in fashion industry
Racism in fashion advertisements
There are some fashion advertisements that were accused of racism and led to boycotts from the customers. Globally known, Swedish fashion brand H&M faced this issue with one of its children's wear advertisements in 2018. A black child wearing a hoodie with a slogan written as "coolest monkey in the jungle" right at the center was featured in the ad. When it was released, it immediately became controversial and even led to a boycott. A lot of people including celebrities posted on social media about their resentments towards H&M and refusal to work with and buy its products. H&M issued a statement saying "we apologise to anyone this may have offended", which seemed insincere to some.[65] Another fashion advertisement regarding racism is from GAP, an American worldwide clothing brand. GAP collaborated with Ellen DeGeneres in 2016 for the advertisement. It features playful, four young girls where a tall white girl is leaning with her arm on a shorter black girl's head. When this ad was released, some viewers harshly criticized that it underlies passive racism. A representative from The Root, black culture magazine commented on the ad that it portrays the message that black people are undervalued and seen like props for white people to look better.[66] There were different points of views on this issue, some saying that people are being too sensitive, and some getting offended. Regardless of various views and thoughts, GAP replaced the ad to different image and apologized to critics.[67]
Sexism in fashion advertisements
Many fashion brands have published ads that were too provocative and sexy to attract customers’ attention. British high fashion brand, Jimmy Choo, was blamed for having sexism in its ad which featured a female British model wearing the brand's boots. In this two-minute ad, men whistle at a model, walking on the street with red, sleeveless mini dress. This ad gained much backlash and criticism by the viewers since sexual harassment and misconduct were a huge issue during this time and even till now. Many people showed their dismay through social media posts, leading Jimmy Choo to pull down the ad from social media platforms.[68]
French luxury fashion brand Yves Saint Laurent also faced this issue with its print ad shown in Paris in 2017. A female model is wearing a fishnet tights with roller-skate stilettos, almost lying down with her legs opened in front of the camera. This advertisement brought harsh comments from the viewers and French advertising organization directors for going against the advertising codes related to "respect for decency, dignity and those prohibiting submission, violence or dependence, as well as the use of stereotypes." They even said that this ad is causing "mental harm to adolescents."[69] Lot of sarcastic comments were made in social media about the ad and the poster was removed from the city.
Public relations and social media
A Mexican sports reporter wearing little black dress and knee-high boots
Fashion public relations involves being in touch with a company's audiences and creating strong relationships with them, reaching out to media, and initiating messages that project positive images of the company.[70] Social media plays an important role in modern-day fashion public relations; enabling practitioners to reach a wide range of consumers through various platforms.[71]
Building brand awareness and credibility is a key implication of good public relations. In some cases, the hype is built about new designers' collections before they are released into the market, due to the immense exposure generated by practitioners.[72] Social media, such as blogs, microblogs, podcasts, photo and video sharing sites have all become increasingly important to fashion public relations.[73] The interactive nature of these platforms allows practitioners to engage and communicate with the public in real-time, and tailor their clients' brand or campaign messages to the target audience. With blogging platforms such as Instagram, Tumblr, WordPress, Squarespace, and other sharing sites, bloggers have emerged as expert fashion commentators, shaping brands and having a great impact on what is ‘on trend’.[74] Women in the fashion public relations industry such as Sweaty Betty PR founder Roxy Jacenko and Oscar de la Renta's PR girl Erika Bearman, have acquired copious followers on their social media sites, by providing a brand identity and a behind the scenes look into the companies they work for.
Social media is changing the way practitioners deliver messages,[22] as they are concerned with the media, and also customer relationship building.[75] PR practitioners must provide effective communication among all platforms, in order to engage the fashion public in an industry socially connected via online shopping.[76] Consumers have the ability to share their purchases on their personal social media pages (such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc.), and if practitioners deliver the brand message effectively and meet the needs of its public, word-of-mouth publicity will be generated and potentially provide a wide reach for the designer and their products.
wizkid
For other uses, see Whiz Kids.
Wizkid
Wizkid performing at the Desire album launch concert in 2013
Wizkid performing at the Desire album launch concert in 2013
Background information
Birth name Ayodeji Ibrahim Balogun
Also known as
Lil PrinzWizzyStarboyMachalaDaddy YoBaba NlaBig WizEleniyan
Born 16 July 1990 (age 31)
Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria
Genres
AfrobeatsAfrobeatreggaedancehallR&Bhip hoppop[1]
Occupation(s)
Singer
songwriter
Years active 2001–present[A]
Labels
StarboyRCA (current)Empire Mates Entertainment (former)
Associated acts
Maleek BerrySarzLegendury BeatzJustin BieberTemsDrakeSkeptaBeyoncéTiwa SavageOlamideBanky W
Ayodeji Ibrahim Balogun (born 16 July 1990), known professionally as Wizkid is a Nigerian singer and songwriter. He began recording music at the age of 11 and released a collaborative album with the Glorious Five, a group he and a couple of his church friends formed. In 2009, Wizkid signed a record deal with Empire Mates Entertainment (E.M.E). He later rose to the limelight after releasing "Holla at Your Boy", the lead single from his debut studio album, Superstar (2011), which also spawned the singles "Tease Me/Bad Guys", and "Don't Dull".
In September 2014, he released the self-titled second studio album, Ayo. The album was supported by six singles, including the song "Jaiye Jaiye". Wizkid left E.M.E after his contract expired. In 2016, Wizkid achieved international recognition following his collaboration with Drake on the hit single "One Dance", which reached number-one on the US Billboard Hot 100, and topped the charts in 14 additional countries. The song broke multiple records, making Wizkid the first Afrobeats artist to appear in the Guinness World Records.[3] In March 2017, he signed a multi-album deal with RCA Records; and released his third studio album Sounds from the Other Side, later that year. The album was supported by five singles, including "Come Closer" featuring Drake.
In 2018, he was featured on the song "Checklist" by Normani and Calvin Harris, which reached number-one on the Billboard World Digital Song Sales chart. The following year, he was featured on Beyoncé's project The Lion King: The Gift on the single "Brown Skin Girl", which also reached number-one on the World Digital Song Sales chart, and won him a Grammy Award for Best Music Video.[4] In October 2020, he released his fourth album, Made in Lagos, which received commercial success and acclaim,[5] reaching number-one on the Billboard World Album Chart.[6] The album includes the single "Essence" featuring Tems, which became the first Nigerian song to chart on the Billboard Hot 100,[7] and reached the top ten following a remix released by Justin Bieber.
By February 2021, Wizkid was the most-streamed Nigerian artist of all time on Spotify, with over 3.4 billion streams across all credits.[8]
Contents
1 Life and music career
1.1 1990–2010: Early life and career beginnings
1.2 2010–2011: Superstar
1.3 2012–2014: E.M.E tour, Ayo and other recordings
1.4 2015–2018: Sounds from the Other Side and the international success with "One Dance"
1.5 2019–present: "Brown Skin Girl", Soundman Vol. 1 and Made in Lagos
2 Endorsements
3 Record label and contract
3.1 Empire Mates Entertainment
3.2 Starboy Entertainment
3.3 Sony Music/RCA
4 Personal life
4.1 Fatherhood controversy
4.2 Feuds
4.3 Fashion style
5 Awards and nominations
6 Discography
6.1 Studio albums
6.2 EPs
7 Tours
8 Notes
9 References
10 External links
Life and music career
1990–2010: Early life and career beginnings
Wizkid was born Ayodeji Ibrahim Balogun on 16 July 1990, in Surulere, Lagos.[9] He grew up in an interfaith household with twelve female siblings. His mother is a Pentecostal Christian and his father practices Islam.[1] Wizkid attended Ijebu Ode Grammar School.[10][1] He grew up listening to King Sunny Ade, Fela Kuti and Bob Marley.[11] In a radio interview with Tim Westwood in 2012, he said "his father has three wives".[12] In another interview with Adesope of Factory 78 TV, Wizkid said he formed a group called the Glorious Five with a couple of his church friends.[13] They managed to release an album prior to disbanding. Wizkid went by the stage name Lil Prinz until 2006.[14] He later met OJB Jezreel, a record producer who prevented him from recording for a year.[13] While visiting OJB's Point Beat Studios frequently, he watched 2 Face Idibia record songs for his Grass 2 Grace album. He was also present during the recording sessions for Sound Sultan's debut album Jagbajantis.[15][13] He cited Naeto C as one of the people who mentored and coached him when he was 15 years old. Wizkid inked a record deal with Empire Mates Entertainment in 2009. He co-wrote "Omoge You Too Much", a song from Banky W.'s The W Experience album.[13][15] He also worked with Naeto C, Ikechukwu and M.I while developing his craft.[16] In mid-2009, he dropped out of Lagos State University (LASU). He later attended Lead City University, but dropped out after completing two sessions.[15]
2010–2011: Superstar
Wizkid began recording his debut studio album Superstar in 2009.[15] He released "Holla at Your Boy" as the album's lead single on 2 January 2010.[17] The song nominated for Best Pop Single but earned him the Next Rated award at The Headies 2011. In addition to winning the award, he was awarded a 2012 Hyundai Sonata courtesy of the organizers.[18] Its music video was nominated for Most Gifted Newcomer Video at the 2011 Channel O Music Video Awards.[19]
On 2 April 2010, Wizkid released "Tease Me/Bad Guys" as the album's second single. It was initially released as a freestyle rap.[20] "Don't Dull", the album's third single, was released on 6 December 2010.[21] Superstar was recorded in English and Yoruba. It was released on 12 June 2011 by Empire Mates Entertainment. The album incorporates elements of Afrobeats, R&B, dancehall and reggae. While working on Superstar, Wizkid collaborated with record producers such as E-Kelly, Jay Sleek, Shizzi, DJ Klem, Masterkraft, Q-Beats and Samklef. The album features guest appearances from Banky W., Skales, D'Prince and Wande Coal. It was initially scheduled for release on 14 February 2011, but was later pushed back.[22] On 12 June 2011, Wizkid hosted a launch party for the album at the Expo Hall of the Eko Hotel and Suites. The launch party featured performances from Banky W, Skales, 2face Idibia, Samklef, Wande Coal, D'Prince, Olamide, eLDee, Jesse Jagz, Ice Prince, Lynxxx and Seyi Shay.[23] Superstar garnered Best Album of the Year at the 2012 Nigeria Entertainment Awards, and was nominated for Album of the Year at The Headies 2012.[24]
2012–2014: E.M.E tour, Ayo and other recordings
"Jaiye Jaiye" (2013)
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A 15-second sample of "Jaiye Jaiye". The song is a fusion of Afrobeat and Afrobeats
Problems playing this file? See media help.
Wizkid toured London in 2012 and performed at the HMV Apollo on 4 June 2012.[25] He worked with Banky W., Skales, Shaydee and Niyola to record E.M.E's compilation album Empire Mates State of Mind (2012).[citation needed] Following the album's release, E.M.E acts toured the United States. The tour kicked off in July and ended in September 2012. EME acts performed in several cities, including Houston, Dallas, Toronto, Vancouver, New York City, Providence, Calgary, Atlanta, Washington, D.C. and Chicago.[26][27] On 12 November 2012, Wizkid performed at the BBC Radio 1Xtra Live 02 Academy in Brixton alongside Trey Songz, Tulisa, Kendrick Lamar and Angel.[28]
Between 2012 and 2014, Wizkid recorded his second studio album Ayo. It features guest appearances from Femi Kuti, Banky W., Seyi Shay, Phyno, Tyga, Akon and Wale. The album's production was handled by Sarz, Shizzi, Uhuru, Del B, Dokta Frabz, Maleek Berry, Legendury Beatz and Spellz. It was initially titled Chosen.[citation needed] According to MTV Base, the album suffered from a pushed back release date.[29] It was reported earlier that the album would feature Don Jazzy, Efya and Olamide.[30] On 6 September 2014, Wizkid revealed the album's cover art and track listing. Prior to announcing plans for a second studio album, Wizkid had plans to release a mixtape in April 2013.[31] In an interview with Ok!Nigeria TV at Disturbing Headquarters in London, he said the mixtape would be released in April. He also said it would feature Wale and Tinie Tempah.[32] Wizkid later announced that he would be releasing his second studio album on 12 June 2013.[33] In an interview with HipTV, Banky W revealed the album's title and commented on the albums delay. He also gave an estimated time-frame for the album's release.[34]
On 2 May 2013, Wizkid released the album's lead single "Jaiye Jaiye". It features Grammy-nominated Nigerian musician Femi Kuti. Wizkid told Showtime Celebrity he collaborated with Femi Kuti to prevent people from depicting him as an artist whose lyrics revolve around girls, cars and materialistic things.[35] On 17 October 2013, he performed at the 2013 edition of Felabration, a yearly concert dedicated to Fela Kuti.[36] The Del B-produced "On Top Your Matter" was released as the album's second single on 26 October 2013.[37] The song's music video directed and shot in South Africa by Sesan.[38] On 2 November 2013, Wizkid performed at the Guinness Colorful World of More concert alongside D'banj, Tiwa Savage, P-Square, Davido, Ice Prince, Burna Boy, Olamide and Phyno. The concert took place at the Eko Convention Centre in the Eko Hotels and Suites.[39] On 23 November 2013, he performed at the Guinness Big Eruption Concert in Accra, Ghana.[40]
In February 2014, Wizkid became the first Nigerian musician to have over one million followers on Twitter.[41][42] In July 2014, Wizkid visited The Beat 99.9 FM studio in Lagos and told Toolz he had collaborated with Barbadian singer Rihanna.[43][44] Wizkid was invited as a special guest for some shows on Tinie Tempah's tour of the UK in 2014.[45]
2015–2018: Sounds from the Other Side and the international success with "One Dance"
Wizkid was involved in the writing and production of Drake's "One Dance"
On 5 January 2015, Wizkid released the music video for "Ojuelegba", a song that highlights the struggles he endured in the early years of his recording career.[46] The song's official remix features vocals from Drake and Skepta; it premiered on OVO Sound Radio in July 2015.[47] Wizkid first announced that he was working on a new album during a visit to London in October 2014. He revealed "African Bad Gyal" as his collaborative single with Chris Brown and said it would be the lead single from his third studio album.[48] In April 2015, both Wizkid and Chris Brown performed "African Bad Gyal" at Brown's concert in Durban, South Africa.[49] Wizkid released "Expensive Shit", an Afrobeats song built on light guitars, saxophone lines and acoustic percussion in May 2015; the song was reported as being a likely inclusion on the album.[50] In July 2015, Wizkid announced on Twitter that Angélique Kidjo would be featured on the album.[51] In September 2015, he said he was dropping his EP and postponing the release of his third studio album. He made this announcement on Instagram shortly after the conclusion of 2Face Idibia's Fortified tribute concert.[52]
On 5 April 2016, Wizkid became Nigeria's first artist to be listed on Billboards Twitter Last 24 hours chart, following his guest feature on Drake's Afrobeats-infused "One Dance" single, which charted at number 21.[53][54] On 12 May 2016, the song reached number-one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, a position it kept for 10 non-consecutive weeks.[55] "One Dance" went on to become an international smash hit, topping the charts in 15 different countries, including the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, France and Germany. The single became Wizkid's first number-one single as a featured artist in these territories.
Wizkid released the promotional single "Like This" on 5 June. The song premiered on Drake's OVO Sound Radio the same month.[citation needed] It was produced by Amsterdam-based Ghanaian producer DJ Henry X.[56] Pitchfork writer Sheldon Pearce said the song is a "frolicking, summery jam that revels in all the work he [Wizkid]'s put in."[57] In May 2015, Wizkid joined Chris Brown on his "One Hell of a Nite" world tour.[58][59]
In March 2017, he signed a record deal with RCA Records.[60] Wizkid released his third studio album Sounds from the Other Side on 14 July 2017. Primarily a Caribbean-influenced record, SFTOS encompasses several other genres, including Afrobeats, EDM, R&B, and house.[61] The album features guest appearances from Drake, Major Lazer, Chris Brown, Ty Dolla Sign, Efya, Bucie and Trey Songz.[62] Its production was handled by Sarz, Del B, Spellz, Dre Skull, DJ Mustard, Major Lazer, and the Picard Brothers. The album was made available for purchase and online streaming on several music platforms, including Apple Music, Amazon Music, Spotify, Deezer and Google Play.[citation needed] SFTOS debuted at number 107 on the US Billboard 200.[63] It also debuted at number 58 on the Canadian Albums Chart.[citation needed] The album's release was preceded by three singles: "Daddy Yo" featuring Efya, "Sweet Love", and "Come Closer" featuring Drake.[citation needed] "African Bad Gyal" was released alongside the pre-order for the album on 9 June 2017,[64] and "Naughty Ride" was released as a promotional track on 23 June 2017.[65]
Wizkid became the first Afrobeats artist to appear in the 2018 Guinness World Records for his contribution to "One Dance". His song "Soco" became his first Afrobeats single to be certified Gold in Canada.[66][67] Later that year, he appeared on Normani and Calvin Harris’ EP Normani x Calvin Harris, on the song "Checklist", which peaked at number one on Billboard World Digital Song Sales chart.[68]
2019–present: "Brown Skin Girl", Soundman Vol. 1 and Made in Lagos
Wizkid won his first Grammy Award with his collaboration on Beyoncé's The Lion King: The Gift soundtrack.
In mid-2019, Wizkid was featured on Beyoncé's "Brown Skin Girl", taken from the critically acclaimed The Lion King: The Gift soundtrack.[69] It was described as one of his "shining" moments of 2019,[70] thanks to numerous nominations at major international awards, earning him two Soul Train Music Awards,[71] a NAACP Image Award,[72] a BET Awards, and his first Grammy Award, for Best Music Video.[73] Later that year, he also released the singles "Joro" and "Ghetto Love".[74]
On 6 December 2019, Wizkid's label Starboy Entertainment released the EP Soundman Vol. 1, centering mainly on Wizkid, and containing features from Chronixx, and a variety of other artists.[75]
During 2020, Wizkid featured on various singles, including "Escape" by Akon, "Gbese 2.0" with DJ Tunes and Spax, "Eve Bounce" by Yung L, and "Consider II" with Walshy Fire. He also released a collaboration with American singer, H.E.R., titled "Smile". On 17 September, Wizkid released the single "No Stress", and announced that he would be releasing his fourth album, Made in Lagos, on 15 October 2020.[74] The album launch was later postponed due to the Nigerian End SARS protests nationwide, until 30 October 2020. Essence", a single from the album, became the first Nigerian song to chart on the US Billboard Hot 100.[7]
At the 27th annual South African Music Awards, Made in Lagos received a nomination for the Rest of Africa Award.[76]
On 13 August 2021, he released a remix of "Essence", featuring Canadian singer Justin Bieber.[77] The song became the highest charting single on the billboard hot 100 by an African act peaking at no. 11 on October 4, 2021.[78][79]
Endorsements
In 2012, Wizkid signed a one-year endorsement deal with Pepsi reportedly worth US$350,000.[80] He travelled to Beirut, Lebanon, with Tiwa Savage for a Pepsi commercial shoot.[81][82] On 28 May 2013, Premium Times reported that Wizkid had signed a one-year deal with MTN Nigeria. The newspaper also reported that Wizkid's Pepsi contract was renewed for two more years.[83][84] In November 2013, Wizkid signed an endorsement deal with Guinness for the Guinness World of More concert, held at the Eko Convention Centre of the Eko Hotel and Suites on Victoria Island, Lagos.[85][86] In June 2015, Pulse Nigeria reported that Wizkid had left MTN and signed a ₦128 million deal with GLO.[87]
Record label and contract
Empire Mates Entertainment
In February 2013, Wizkid tweeted a subliminal message and tweaked his Twitter account.[88][89] He also moved out of the E.M.E mansion in Lagos and acquired his own home in the Lekki Phase 1 area.[89] Prior to Wizkid's subliminal tweets, Banky W pacified fans by assuring them that nothing was amiss. Furthermore, it was reported that troubles within E.M.E began as early as the E.M.E All Stars concert in 2012.[89] It was also reported that money was at the centre of the controversy.[89] On 30 April 2013, Nigerian Entertainment Today reported that Wizkid and E.M.E had reunited after contract negotiations.[90] Wizkid departed E.M.E following the release of his second studio album and the expiration of his five-year contract.[91] In a video interview with Capital Xtra in October 2019, Wizkid said he left E.M.E without any money.[92]
Starboy Entertainment
The logo of Wizkid's Starboy Entertainment imprint
Wizkid established his label imprint Starboy Entertainment in March 2013. He revealed to Yvonne Ekwere of Silverbird Television that he planned on signing new acts to the label.[93] In an interview with Showtime Celebrity, he said he had established his own record label to give up-and-coming artists a platform to showcase their talent.[35] In April 2013, Wizkid signed Maleek Berry and Legendury Beatz to his imprint.[94] His work credits with the Berry include "Lagos to Soweto" and "The Matter".[95] In May 2013, he unveiled photos of himself with the two musicians.[96] Wizkid debuted the music video for "Caro" and announced the signing of L.A.X in August 2013.[97][98] On 7 May 2016, Wizkid announced the signings of Efya, R2Bees, and Mr Eazi; he made the announcement following his performance at the 17th edition of the Ghana Music Awards.[99] in 2018, Wizkid signed Terri into Starboy Entertainment, he made the announcement via his Twitter account.[100]
Sony Music/RCA
In 2017, Billboard reported that Wizkid signed a multi-album worldwide record deal with RCA Records, a subsidiary of Sony Music.[101]
Personal life
Wizkid has three sons with three different women.[102] The children were born in 2011, 2016, and 2017.[103]
Fatherhood controversy
In August 2011, Nigerian Entertainment Today reported Wizkid fathered his first child at the age of 21. After a thorough investigation, the newspaper concluded Wizkid impregnated then-undergraduate student Sola Ogudugu.[104] When the story broke, close friends and associates of Wizkid did not confirm it because DNA results were pending at the time.[104] Wizkid broke his silence on the story during several interviews. In an interview with a Nigerian Entertainment Today editor, he denied having a child.[104] In another interview conducted in Ogudu-GRA, Lagos, he said he really did not want to find himself in that peculiar situation.[104] In December 2012, Wizkid denied the baby scandal during an interview with Nonye Ben-Nwankwo of The Punch. In October 2013, he uploaded a picture of himself and his 2-year-old son, Boluwatife Balogun, to his Instagram account. The photo confirmed the 2011 report published by Nigerian Entertainment Today.[105]
Feuds
Wizkid became engulfed in battles on Twitter with several artists, including his erstwhile boss Banky W[106] and former label mate Skales.[107] Other artists include Davido,[107] Dammy Krane,[108] Saeon,[107] Samklef[107] and blogger Linda Ikeji.[109]
Fashion style
In an interview with Alex Frank of Vogue magazine in February 2015, Wizkid said he wears a mixture of street wear and traditional Nigerian clothes. He cited Pharrell Williams as one of his fashion style icons. Moreover, he revealed plans to establish a clothing line following the release of Sounds from the Other Side.[110]
Awards and nominations
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Wizkid
Wizkid's contributions to the Nigerian music industry have earned him several achievements, including the Grammy Award for Best Music Video as a lead artist on Beyoncé's "Brown Skin Girl";[111] his first ever Grammy Award.[112][113] He is the most awarded African artist at the BET Awards (3), Soul Train Awards (2), Billboard Awards (3), iHeartRadio Music Awards (2) and MOBO Awards (4).[114] He is also a recipient of an ASCAP plaque for his songwriting contributions to Drake's "One Dance",[115] which also earned two Guinness World Records, for being the first song to reach a billion streams on Spotify, and at the time being the most streamed song on Spotify.[116] Wizkid was cited as one of the Top 100 most influential Africans by New African magazine in 2019.[117] He is also the most awarded artiste in The Headies award history.[118]
Discography
Main article: Wizkid discography
Studio albums
Superstar (2011)
Ayo (2014)
Sounds from the Other Side (2017)
Made in Lagos (2020)
EPs
Soundman Vol. 1 (2019)
Tours
Made in Lagos Tour (2021)[119]
Notes
Davido
David Adedeji Adeleke (born November 21, 1992), popularly known as Davido, is a Nigerian-American singer, songwriter, and record producer.[1][2][3][4]
Davido rose to fame after releasing "Dami Duro", the second single from his debut studio album Omo Baba Olowo (2012). In 2012, Davido won the Next Rated award at The Headies. Between 2013 and 2015, he also released a number of hit singles and in January 2016 he signed a record deal with Sony Music. He then founded the record label Davido Music Worldwide (DMW), to which acts Dremo, Mayorkun, Peruzzi and Liya have been signed. In July 2016, Davido signed a record deal with Sony's RCA Records. In October 2016, he released the 5-track EP Son of Mercy, which was supported by the singles "Gbagbe Oshi", "How Long" and "Coolest Kid in Africa". In April 2017, Davido re-negotiated his contract with Sony due to creative control issues and later that year he released five singles including "If" and "Fall".[5] "If" generated worldwide social media activity while "Fall" became the longest-charting Nigerian pop song in Billboard history.[5][6] Davido has been famously referred to as 'The king of modern-day afrobeats'.[7][8]
Davido released his second studio album A Good Time in November 2019, supported by singles including "Blow My Mind". Davido was cited as one of the Top 100 most influential Africans by New African magazine in 2019.[9] He released his third studio album A Better Time, on Friday 13 November 2020. As at August 2021, Davido is the second most followed African on the social media app Instagram.[10][11]
Contents
1 Early life
2 Musical career
2.1 2011–2012: Omo Baba Olowo
2.2 2013–2016: Standalone releases, The Baddest and Son of Mercy
2.3 2017–2018: "If", "Fall", "Fia" and "Assurance"
2.4 2019–present: O2 Arena concert, "Blow My Mind", "Risky" A Good Time, and A Better Time
3 Other ventures
4 Personal life
5 Discography
6 Tours
6.1 Singles (partial)
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Early life
Davido interacting with fans
David Adedeji Adeleke was born on November 21, 1992, in Atlanta, Georgia. His father Adedeji Adeleke is a business magnate and his mother Vero Adeleke was a university lecturer.[12] Davido is the youngest of five siblings and his father's second-born son.[13][14] He attended the British International School in Lagos, Nigeria, and at the age of 16, he moved back to the US to study business administration at Oakwood University in Alabama.[13][15]
Davido bought musical equipment while at Oakwood and started making beats.[16] He also worked with his cousins B-Red and Sina Rambo to form the music act KB International.[15] Davido dropped out of Oakwood University to pursue music full-time and relocated to London, where he worked on his vocals.[16] After returning to Nigeria in 2011, Davido paused his music career and agreed to honor his father by enrolling at Babcock University. In July 2015, he graduated from Babcock with a degree in music after his father paid the university to start a music department for an inaugural class of one student.[16][17]
Musical career
2011–2012: Omo Baba Olowo
Davido started working on his debut studio album Omo Baba Olowo in 2011. The album's music is a mixture of Afrobeats and hip hop. Davido worked with Jay Sleek, Maleek Berry, GospelOnDeBeatz, Spellz, Dokta Frabz, Mr. Chidoo, Theory Soundz and Shizzi to produce the album. Omo Baba Olowo features guest appearances from Naeto C, Sina Rambo, B-Red, Kayswitch, Ice Prince and 2 Face Idibia.[18][19] It received generally negative reviews from music critics, who panned its lyrical content and Davido's songwriting. The album won Best R&B/Pop Album and received a nomination for Album of the Year at The Headies 2013.[20] It was also nominated for Best Album of the Year at the 2013 Nigeria Entertainment Awards.[21]
The Naeto C-assisted track "Back When" was released as the album's lead single on May 7, 2011. It was produced by Davido and received frequent airplay.[22][23][2] Davido told television channel Factory 78 he recorded "Back When" in London.[24] The Clarence Peters-directed music video for "Back When" was uploaded to YouTube on May 9, 2011.[25] The album's second single "Dami Duro", which was released on October 30, 2011, was jointly produced by Davido and Shizzi.[26][27] In an interview posted on the NotJustOk website, Davido said he recorded the song in August of that year. The song was leaked three months after he sent it to some of his friends.[28] The accompanying music video for "Dami Duro" was released on January 8, 2012, during the Occupy Nigeria protests.[29]
The album's third single "Ekuro" was released on January 25, 2012. Its music video was recorded and directed in Miami by Antwan Smith.[30] Nigerian singer Aramide released a soulful rendition of the song.[31] The album's fourth single "Overseas" was released on May 6, 2012; an unfinished version of the song was leaked prior to its official release.[32][33] The GospelOnDeBeatz-produced track "All of You" was released as the album's fifth single on September 28, 2012. Davido told Factory 78 TV he recorded the song with GospelOnDeBeatz after meeting him at a mall.[34]
2013–2016: Standalone releases, The Baddest and Son of Mercy
Davido performing in Tanzania
On February 25, 2013, Davido released the Shizzi-produced track "Gobe".[35] It was ranked second on Premium Times' list of the Top 10 songs of 2013.[36] In a review for Vanguard newspaper, Charles Mgbolu said the song "exudes fun from start to finish".[37] The music video for "Gobe" was recorded in South Africa by Godfather Productions.[38] Davido announced on Twitter "One of a Kind" would be released on May 13, 2013.[39] The song was also produced by Shizzi.[40] The video for "One of a Kind" was recorded and directed in South Africa by Tebza of Godfather Productions. It depicts a united Africa that is rich in culture and music.[41]
"Skelewu" was released on August 13, 2013.[42] It was ranked fifth on Premium Times' list of the top 10 songs of 2013.[36][43] Davido promoted "Skelewu" on 18 August 2013 by uploading an instructional dance video that was directed by Jassy Generation to YouTube. The video's release was accompanied by an announcement of a "Skelewu" dance competition.[44][45]
"Skelewu" was supported with two music videos.[46] The first music video, directed by Sesan, was released on 15 October 2013.[47] It was uploaded to YouTube using a parody account. Shortly after the video's release, Davido said someone betrayed him by releasing it and that he would make another video with Moe Musa, a UK based music video director.[48] In a statement released by his team, Sesan said Davido was satisfied with his contributions to the music video; he also said it would be immature for Davido and his management to release inaccurate statements to defame his brand.[49][50] The official music video for "Skelewu" was recorded and directed in London by Moe Musa, and was released in October 2013.[51]
Davido released the T-Spize-produced song "Aye" on February 1, 2014.[52][53] The video for the song was directed by Clarence Peters and released on February 7, 2014.[54] In the video, Davido plays a poor farmer who falls in love with the prince's fiancé.[55] Davido's collaborative single with South African duo Mafikizolo, titled "Tchelete (Goodlife)", was released on April 30, 2014.[56] It was produced by Oskido and Shizzi, and distributed by MTN's Play and Callertunez platforms.[56][57] Prior to recording "Tchelete (Goodlife)", Davido networked with Mafikizolo at MTN Nigeria's Elite Night event in December 2013.[58] The music video for "Tchelete (Goodlife)" was recorded and directed by Twenty Twenty Media.[59][60] Oskido and Uhuru made cameo appearances in the video.[61]
Davido at the 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards
In June 2014, Davido collaborated with Mi Casa, Lola Rae, Sarkodie, Diamond Platnumz and Tiwa Savage on "Africa Rising", a song that was used for DStv's eponymous campaign to inspire Africans to partake in community-based social investment projects. The accompanying music video for "Africa Rising" was recorded and directed by South African production house Callback Dreams.[62] The artists performed the song at the Africa Rising launch ceremony in Mauritius.[63] In June 2015, Davido released the Meek Mill-assisted trap song "Fans Mi".[64] He teased fans with the audio and behind-the-scene photographs of the video prior to releasing it.[65]
Davido's 20-track album The Baddest was first scheduled for release in June 2015[66] but its release was postponed to October 10 that year.[67] Two days prior to this date, the album was delayed because of an unnamed corporation's interest in distributing it.[67] Davido had released the album's cover art and track listing earlier that year.[66] The Baddest was going to feature production from Shizzi, Del B, Spellz, J Fem, Don Jazzy, Puffy Tee, Uhuru, Kiddominant and Young John.[66] It was also going to feature guest artists such as P-Square, Don Jazzy, Runtown, Uhuru, DJ Buckz, Akon, Meek mill, Wale and Trey Songz.[66] In January 2016, Davido announced on Twitter he signed a record deal with Sony Music; his announcement was met with mixed reactions.[68] The record label put out a press release to confirm the deal.[69] Davido's record deal with Sony requires him to release two albums and allows him to retain the rights to his music and performances.[70]
Davido founded the record label Davido Music Worldwide (DMW) a few months after signing with Sony.[71] Dremo, Mayorkun, Yonda and Peruzzi are currently signed to the label.[72][73] In July 2016, Davido signed a record deal with RCA Records.[74] His record deal with Sony Music altered plans for The Baddest's release.[75] According to Pulse Nigeria, Davido's contract with Sony required the album to have an international appeal to allow for global distribution of it.[75] In October 2016, he released the 5-track EP Son of Mercy, which was supported by the singles "Gbagbe Oshi", "How Long" and "Coolest Kid in Africa".[76] The EP features guest appearances from Simi, Tinashe and Nasty C.[77]
2017–2018: "If", "Fall", "Fia" and "Assurance"
Davido won Best African Act at the 2017 MOBO Awards.[78] He released "If" on February 17, 2017.[79] It was produced by Tekno, who ghost-wrote the track for Davido.[80] The song was certified diamond by the Recording Industry of South Africa, indicating shipments of 200,000 units.[81] "If" won Best Pop Single and Song of the Year at The Headies 2018.[82] Reviewing for OkayAfrica, Sabo Kpade described the song as a "slow burner" with an "unfussy beat that sounds hollowed out and isn't cluttered with instruments".[80] The music video for "If" was recorded in London; it was directed by Director Q and produced by Tunde Babalola.[83] Davido teamed up with menswear designer Orange Culture to release a capsule collection inspired by "If".[84]
Davido released "Fall" on June 2, 2017.[85] It samples a line from Kojo Funds's track "Dun Talking".[86] "Fall" was certified platinum by the Recording Industry of South Africa,[81] was one of the top-100-most-Shazam-searched singles in America in January 2019, and was a top-10 record on Shazam in New York.[87] In February 2019, it became the longest-charting Nigerian pop song in Billboard history.[88] "Fall" was ranked at number 163 on Pitchfork's list of the 200 Best Songs of the 2010s.[89] The accompanying music video for "Fall" was directed by Nigerian-born British video director Daps.[90] In December 2018, the video surpassed 100 million views, becoming the most-viewed video by a Nigerian artist on YouTube.[91]
Davido released "Fia" on November 10, 2017.[92] The song was described as a neo-highlife track and was produced by Fresh VDM.[93][94] In its second verse, Davido addresses his arrest and Caroline Danjuma's role in fueling the rumor he was involved in the death of Tagbo Umenike.[94] A writer for Native magazine praised Davido's songwriting and said the song "manages to reflect some of his recent personal struggles, without directly dishing into sensitive details".[94] Reviewing for Music in Africa, Kayode Faniyi said "Fia" offers an "existential conflict" and that it is "undoubtedly the song of Davido's career—at least till he outdoes himself".[95] Daniel Orubo of Konbini Channels described "Fia" as a "coherent" track that uses Davido's "croaky voice".[96] "Fia" was nominated for Best Pop Single and Song of the Year at The Headies 2018.[82] The accompanying music video for "Fia" was directed by Clarence Peters.[96] The Stefflon Don-assisted remix of "Fia" was released on March 30, 2018.[97] The song retains many of the elements from the original recording but incorporates a patois-tinged flow.[98] Davido won Best African Act and was one of the Best Worldwide Act recipients at the 2017 MTV Europe Music Awards.[99][100][101] Davido released "Assurance" on April 30, 2018. He dedicated the track to his girlfriend and released it to coincide with her 23rd birthday.[102] Reviewing for Native magazine, Toye Sokunbi said the song "speaks volumes for the importance of clarity in the age of emojis, validation from our loved ones and putting love first, against all odds".[103] Davido won Best International Act at the 2018 BET Awards, becoming the first African artist to receive his award on the main stage.[104] In his acceptance speech, he urged patrons and American artists to visit Africa and eat the food.[105]
In September 2018, Davido performed alongside Meek Mill, Post Malone and Fat Joe at the Made in America Festival.[106] Prior to the festival, he performed at the House of Blues in Boston as part of his "The Locked Up Tour",[106] which commenced in August and ended in September.[107]
That same month, Davido faced accusations of being a member of the Black Axe confraternity, or Aye Cult Group, and of making cult gang gestures in his music and personal videos. On September 5, 2018, Daily Post reported a suspected Black Axe cult member arrested by the Nigerian Police confessed that he was lured into the group with promises that he would meet music star, Davido.[108] On September 15, 2018, in a chat with Vanguard, Davido's country manager, Asa Asika, denied knowledge of Davido being a member of any secret cult groups.[109] On August 10, 2019, Information Nigeria reported on the stir of Davido sharing a video on his insta-story reassuring the Aye Cult Group of his loyalty.[110]
2019–present: O2 Arena concert, "Blow My Mind", "Risky" A Good Time, and A Better Time
Davido performing at the Lagos city Marathon gala 2020
In January 2019, Davido sold out The O2 Arena in London, becoming the first solo African artist to do so after Wizkid headlined a concert there in 2018.[111][112][13][113] He was introduced on stage by Idris Elba and performed several of his hit singles with the backing band The Compozers.[113] Caroline Sullivan of The Guardian gave the concert four stars out of five, calling Davido an "alpha" and saying "many of his mannerisms are influenced by the American rappers with whom he has worked, including Young Thug and Swae Lee".[114]
The Chris Brown-assisted track "Blow My Mind" was released on July 26, 2019.[115] It was produced by Shizzi and was initially intended to be released as the album's lead single.[116] "Blow My Mind" contains lyrics are about a girl who blows Davido's mind simply.[117] In the Edgar Esteves-directed visuals for "Blow My Mind", Davido and Chris Brown spend quality time in a motel with their lovers.[117] The video amassed one million views in 11 hours, surpassing Wizkid's "Fever" and "Come Closer" to become the Nigerian music video to achieve this feat most quickly.[118] It also became the Nigerian music video to gain the most views within the first 24 hours of its release.[118] "Risky" was released on October 23, 2019.[119][120] It features guest vocals from Jamaican singer Popcaan, who asked Davido to appear on his 2018 single "Dun Rich".[120] The music video for "Risky" was directed by Meji Alabi and pays homage to the crime drama television series Top Boy.[120] In the video, a female member of Davido's and Popcaan's crew informs upon them to police.[120]
Davido's second studio album A Good Time was released on November 22, 2019.[121] The album features the previously released singles "If", "Fall", "Assurance", "Blow My Mind" and "Risky".[121] Davido recorded A Good Time in Atlanta.[122] He told Vibe magazine he wanted to record in a new environment.[123] Davido described the album as a body of work for everybody and said it would consist predominantly of Afrobeats but would incorporate elements of other genres.[123] Davido disclosed the album's title during an event held in Lagos in September 2019 and said it would be released the following month.[124] He also unveiled excerpts of four songs from the album during the event.[124] Following his performance at Powerhouse 2019, Davido spoke with Power 105.1's DJ Self and said the album will feature collaborations with artists including Summer Walker, Gunna, A Boogie and Chris Brown.[125] All but one of the tracks on A Good Time were produced by Nigerian producers.[124] The album's cover art features Davido, his father and a sculpture of his mother.[126] A Good Time is currently the most streamed African album of all time on streaming platforms and was also the first to cross a billion streams[127]
In May 2020, Davido announced that his third studio album would be titled A Better Time, and that it would include 11 tracks, with features from Nicki Minaj and Tiwa Savage.[128] In July, he performed on the Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon and was seen in studio with rapper Nas. On August 31, 2020, Davido returned to social media after taking a three-month break to chat with the Grammy Museum on Instagram Live about the rise of Afrobeats and other issues within the industry.[129] During the Live session, Davido revealed that he had completed work on A Better Time.[130] On 10 September 2020, Davido returned with the single, "FEM",[131] alongside its music video, which was produced by Dammy Twitch.Davido's single "FEM" Video hit 1.8 Million YouTube views in less than 24 hours, breaking his own record for the fastest Nigerian music video to hit 1 million views on YouTube, a record previously held by his own song Blow My Mind featuring Chris Brown. It peaked at number one on the Nigeria TurnTable Top 50 chart in its second week of eligibility dethroning Wizkid's 'Ginger'.[132] The album was released on 13 November 2020.[133][134] The album features guest appearances from Lil Baby, Nicki Minaj, Nas, Chris Brown and Young Thug, among others.[135] On December 14, 2020 Davido anncounced that his 3rd studio album A better Time has accomplished over 213.2 million streams in one month.[136]
Other ventures
On April 6, 2012, Nigerian Entertainment Today reported Davido had signed a ₦30 million endorsement deal with MTN. The deal unveiled him as the face of MTN Pulse, a marketing campaign aimed at Nigerian youth.[137] On October 24, 2013, Pulse Nigeria reported Guinness Nigeria had signed Davido for an endorsement deal.[138] As part of the deal, He performed at the Guinness World of More Concert alongside artists including P-Square, D'banj, Wizkid, Ice Prince, Burna Boy, Olamide, Phyno, Chidinma, Waje and Tiwa Savage.[139]
On May 9, 2018, Guardian Life reported Davido had signed an endorsement deal with Infinix Mobile, a Hong Kong-based smartphone manufacturer.[140] In May 2021, he was announced as an official brand ambassador by the popular sports betting brand 1xBet.[141] On June 11, Martell (cognac) announced Davido as its new ambassador.[142]
Davido continues to empower and work with rising talents such as Jels Quiah. In August 2020, Davido appeared on the song UNCTION with Jels Quiah alongside Ice Prince and Walshy Fire. The song became a quick success.
Personal life
Davido has three children.[143] He was engaged to Chioma, the mother of his third child.[144][145][146]
Discography
Studio albums
2012 –Omo Baba Olowo
2019 – A Good Time
2020 – A Better Time [147]
EPs
2016 – Son of Mercy
Tours
A Good Time North America Tour (2019–2020)
Singles (partial)
Year Title Album
2011 "Back When" (featuring Naeto C) Omo Baba Olowo
"Dami Duro"
2012 "Ekuro"
"Overseas" (featuring Sina Rambo)
"Gbon Gbon"
"All of You"
"Feel Alright" (featuring Ice Prince)
2013 "One of a Kind" Non-album single
"Gobe"
"Skelewu"
2014 "Aye"
"Tchelete (Goodlife)" (featuring Mafikizolo)
2015 "Dodo"
"Fans Mi" (featuring Meek Mill)
"Owo Ni Koko"
"The Sound" (featuring Uhuru and DJ Buckz)
"The Money" (featuring Olamide)
2016 "Gbagbe Oshi" Son of Mercy
"How Long" (featuring Tinashe)
"Coolest Kid in Africa" (featuring Nasty C)
2017 "If" A Good Time
"Fall"
"Pere" (featuring Rae Sremmurd and Young Thug) Non-album single
"Fia"[148]
"Like Dat"
2018 "Flora My Flawa"
"Assurance" A Good Time
"Nwa Baby" Non-album single
"Wonder Woman"
2019 "Blow My Mind" (featuring Chris Brown) A Good Time
"Risky" (featuring Popcaan)
"D & G" (featuring Summer Walker)[149]
2020 "FEM" A Better Time
"So Crazy" (featuring Lil Baby)
"Jowo"
2021 "The Best" (featuring Mayorkun)
Zlatan
Omoniyi Temidayo Raphael (born 19 December 1994), known professionally as Zlatan Ibile, is a Nigerian singer, songwriter, musician and dancer. From Ijurin Ekiti, Ijero local government area,Ekiti state[1] He is the CEO and founder of Zanku record [1] .In 2014, he won the Airtel-sponsored One Mic talent show held in Abeokuta, Ogun State.[2] Towards the end of 2018, Zlatan released a single titled "Zanku", with a new dance routine of the same name.[3] On 3 November 2019, he released his debut studio album Zanku, an acronym for Zlatan Abeg No Kill Us.[4] The artiste claimed in 2020 that it was his dream to become a footballer, not a musician.[5]
Contents
1 Early Life / Career
2 Zanku Records
2.1 Arrest and release
2.1.1 ENDSARS protest
3 Discography
3.1 Studio albums
3.2 Singles
4 Awards and nominations
5 See also
6 References
Early Life / Career
Omoniyi Temidayo Raphael was born and raised in Ilorin, Kwara State but has family roots in Ekiti State. In 2011, he graduated with a national diploma in business administration from Moshood Abiola Polytechnic.[6][7] Zlatan decided to pursue a career in music after graduating secondary school.[8] When he was 19 years old, he won the Airtel-sponsored "One Mic Campus Tour" music competition, which was held in Abeokuta, Ogun State.[9] He gained recognition in the Nigerian music industry after releasing the Olamide-assisted track "My Body" in 2017.[10][11] In 2018, Lawrence Irabor,one of the co-owner of Alleluyah Boiz Entertainment sign Zlatan to their record label A.B.E. record when he heard the song Zlatan sang with Olamide.[2]
Zlatan gained further exposure following his collaboration with Chinko Ekun and Lil Kesh on the 2018 hit single "Able God".[12] Shortly afterwards, he dropped "Zanku", a song that was accompanied by a dance routine of the same name.[13] Towards the end of 2018, Zlatan released the Davido-assisted track "Osanle".[14] In early 2019, he released "Glory" before being featured on Burna Boy's "Killin Dem", a track from the latter's fourth studio album African Giant. Shortly afterwards, he was featured on Ceeza Milli's "Flenjo" and Naira Marley's "Am I a Yahoo Boy".[15] On 26 July 2019, Zlatan announced he signed an endorsement deal with Coca-Cola.[16]
Zanku Records
On January 1, 2020, Zlatan took to his Instagram page to announce the launch of his record label 'Zanku Records' without no artists unveiled.[17] Down to February 25, he celebrated his birthday while he announced the numbers and names of acts he signed. He listed three artists named: Papisnoop, Oberz and Jamopyper, he also announced the official signing of a Videographer/Cinematographer named Visionary Pictures, his Manager 'Manager Jiggy', his Music Producer Rexxie and a PR Consultant 'Biesloaded'. He made this announcement with a picture of him and seven other people via his Instagram page.[18]==RELATIONSHIP : Zlatan Ibile is in a relationship with Davita Lamai and they have a son called Shiloh Toluwalase.Zlatan is also in a relationship with Seyi [3]
Arrest and release
In May 2019, the EFCC arrested Zlatan and a few others in connection with an alleged case of internet fraud and money laundering.[19][20] A few days later, he was released on administrative bail.[21]
ENDSARS protest
In October 2020, during the EndSARS protest, Zlatan released "Soro Soke" to express his concern over the massacre of innocent youths at the Lekki toll gate[22]
Discography
Studio albums
Zanku (2019)
Singles
As lead artist
Year Title Album Ref
2016 "Odun Yi" (featuring Spaceboi) Non-album single [23]
2017 "Omoge" [24]
"My Body" (featuring Olamide) [25]
2018 "Jogor" (featuring Lil Kesh and Naira Marley) [26]
"Zanku (Legwork)" [27]
"Oja" [28]
"Osanle" (featuring Davido) [29]
2019 "This Year"
"4 Days in Ekohtiebo" [30]
"Killin Dem" (with Burna Boy) African Giant
"Shotan" (featuring Tiwa Savage) Zanku
"kokosa" (featuring Juls, Damibliz, Jorlasi) [31] [32]
"Bolanle" (with IVD) Non-album single
"Gbeku" (featuring Burna Boy) Zanku [33]
"Yeye Boyfriend" [34]
2020 "Quilox" Non-album single [35]
"Unripe Pawpaw" (featuring Papisnoop, Jamo Pyper and Oberz) [36]
2020 "The Matter" Non-album single [37]
2020 "Soro Soke" Non-album single [38] [39]
2020 "Lagos Anthem" Non-album single
2021 "Alubarika" (featuring Buju ) Non-album single [40]
2021 "Ale Yi" Non-album single
As featured artist
Year Title Album Ref
2019 "Jo" (Dammy Krane featuring Zlatan and Olamide) Non-album single [41]
"Am I a Yahoo Boy" (Naira Marley featuring Zlatan)
"Kowope" (HDT featuring Zlatan and GCN) [42]
"Flenjo" (Ceeza Milli featring Zlatan)
Lock Up (Davolee ft. Zlatan) [43]
"Chacha" (Remix) (Harrysong featuring Zlatan)
"Onye Eze 2.0" (CDQ featuring Zlatan) [44]
"Gelato" (DJ Cuppy featuring Zlatan) [45]
2020 "Chairman" (Remix) (Dremo featuring Zlatan) [46]
"Pongilah" (Slimcase featuring Zlatan) [47]
"Egungun" (Remix) (Obesere featuring Zlatan) [48]
"Of Lala" (Rahman Jago featuring Zlatan and Jamo Pyper) [49]
"O Por" (Rexxie featuring Zlatan) Afro Street Vol. 1 [50]
Awards and nominations
Year Event Prize Recipient Result Ref
2018 City People Music Awards Rookie of the Year Himself Nominated [51]
2019 The Headies Next Rated Nominated [52]
Best Street Hop Artiste Zlatan for "Zanku (Legwork)" Nominated
Best Collaboration Burna Boy and Zlatan for "Killin Dem" Won
Song of the Year "Legwork" Nominated
African Muzik Magazine Awards Best New Act Himself Won [53]
Best Collaboration Burna Boy and Zlatan for "Killin Dem" Won
Song of the Year "Killin Dem" Won
2021 Net Honours Most Searched Actress Most played street hop song - "Lagos Anthem" Nominated [54]
Most played street hop song "Cash App" featuring Zlatan and Lincoln Nominated
Most played Hip Hop song "Lagos Anthem" Nominated
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The university Huda University Gusau is the first accredited private University in Zamfara State with its campus located at Eastern Bypass,...
